Europe; and even beyond it; along the dreary western shores of Greenland
itself; are the symbols of a splendid repentance for their own sins and for
the sins of their forefathers。
Gudruna herself; of whom I spoke just now; one of those old Norse
heroines who helped to discover America; though a historic personage; is a
symbolic one likewise; and the pattern of a whole class。 She too; after
many journeys to Iceland; Greenland; and Winland; goes on a pilgrimage
to Rome; to get; I presume; absolution from the Pope himself for all the
sins of her strange; rich; stormy; wayward life。
Have you not readmany of you surely haveLa Motte Fouque's
romance of 〃Sintram?〃 It embodies all that I would say。 It is the
spiritual drama of that early Middle Age; very sad; morbid if you will; but
true to fact。 The Lady Verena ought not; perhaps; to desert her husband;
and shut herself up in a cloister。 But so she would have done in those old
days。 And who shall judge her harshly for so doing? When the
brutality of the man seems past all cure; who shall blame the woman if she
glides away into some atmosphere of peace and purity; to pray for him
whom neither warnings nor caresses will amend? It is a sad book;
〃Sintram。〃 And yet not too sad。 For they were a sad people; those old
Norse forefathers of ours。 Their Christianity was sad; their minsters sad;
there are few sadder; though few grander; buildings than a Norman church。
And yet; perhaps; their Christianity did not make them sad。 It was
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but the other and the healthier side of that sadness which they had as
heathens。 Read which you will of the old sagasheathen or half…
Christianthe Eyrbiggia; Viga Glum; Burnt Niall; Grettir the Strong; and;
above all; Snorri Sturluson's 〃Heimskringla〃 itself and you will see at
once how sad they are。 There is; in the old sagas; none of that enjoyment
of life which shines out everywhere in Greek poetry; even through its
deepest tragedies。 Not in placency with Nature's beauty; but in the
fierce struggle with her wrath; does the Norseman feel pleasure。 Nature
to him was not; as in Mr。 Longfellow's exquisite poem; {3} the kind old
nurse; to take him on her knee and whisper to him; ever anew; the story
without an end。 She was a weird witch…wife; mother of storm demons
and frost giants; who must be fought with steadily; warily; wearily; over
dreary heaths and snow…capped fells; and rugged nesses and tossing
sounds; and away into the boundless seaor who could live?… …till he got
hardened in the fight into ruthlessness of need and greed。 The poor strip
of flat strath; ploughed and re…ploughed again in the short summer days;
would yield no more; or wet harvests spoiled the crops; or heavy snows
starved the cattle。 And so the Norseman launched his ships when the
lands were sown in spring; and went forth to pillage or to trade; as luck
would have; to summerted; as he himself called it; and came back; if he
ever came; in autumn to the women to help at harvest…time; with blood
upon his hand。 But had he stayed at home; blood would have been there
still。 Three out of four of them had been mixed up in some man…slaying;
or had some blood…feud to avenge among their own kin。
The whole of Scandinavia; Denmark; Sweden; Norway; Orkney; and
the rest; remind me ever of that terrible picture of the great Norse painter;
Tiddeman; in which two splendid youths; lashed together; in true Norse
duel fashion by the waist; are hewing each other to death with the short
axe; about some hot words over their ale。 The loss of life; and that of the
most gallant of the young; in those days must have been enormous。 If the
vitality of the race had not been even more enormous; they must have
destroyed each other; as the Red Indians have done; off the face of the
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earth。 They lived these Norsemen; not to livethey lived to die。 For
what cared they? Deathwhat was death to them? what it was to the
Jomsburger Viking; who; when led out to execution; said to the headsman:
〃Die! with all pleasure。 We used to question in Jomsburg whether a man
felt when his head was off? Now I shall know; but if I do; take care; for I
shall smite thee with my knife。 And meanwhile; spoil not this long hair
of mine; it is so beautiful。〃
But; oh! what waste! What might not these men have done if they
had sought peace; not war; if they had learned a few centuries sooner to do
justly; and love mercy; and walk humbly with their God?
And yet one loves them; blood…stained as they are。 Your own poets;
men brought up under circumstances; under ideas the most opposite to
theirs; love them; and cannot help it。 And why? It is not merely for
their bold daring; it is not merely for their stern endurance; nor again that
they had in them that shift and thrift; those steady and mon…sense
business habits; which made their noblest men not ashamed to go on
voyages of merchandise。 Nor is it; again; that grim humourhumour as
of the modern Scotchwhich so often flashes out into an actual jest; but
more usually underlies unspoken all their deeds。 Is it not rather that these
men are our forefathers? that their blood runs in the veins of perhaps three
men out of four in any general assembly; whether in America or in Britain?
Startling as the assertion may be; I believe it to be strictly true。
Be that as it may; I cannot read the stories of your western men; the
writings of Bret Harte; or Colonel John Hay; for instance; without feeling
at every turn that there are the old Norse alive again; beyond the very
ocean which they first crossed; 850 years ago。
Let me try to prove my point; and end with a story; as I began with
one。
It is just thirty years before the Norman conquest of England; the
ev
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