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historical lectures and essays(查尔斯金斯利历史讲座)- 第7部分


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Europe; and even beyond it; along the dreary western shores of Greenland 

itself; are the symbols of a splendid repentance for their own sins and for 

the sins of their forefathers。 

     Gudruna   herself;   of   whom  I   spoke   just   now;   one of   those old   Norse 

heroines who helped to discover America; though a historic personage; is a 

symbolic one likewise; and the pattern of a whole class。                    She too;   after 

many journeys to Iceland; Greenland; and Winland; goes on a pilgrimage 

to Rome; to get; I presume; absolution from the Pope himself for all the 

sins of her strange; rich; stormy; wayward life。 

     Have     you   not   readmany      of  you   surely   haveLa      Motte    Fouque's 

romance      of   〃Sintram?〃      It   embodies     all  that  I  would     say。   It  is  the 

spiritual drama of that early Middle Age; very sad; morbid if you will; but 

true to fact。     The Lady Verena ought not; perhaps; to desert her husband; 

and shut herself up in a cloister。         But so she would have done in those old 

days。     And      who    shall   judge   her   harshly    for   so   doing?     When      the 

brutality of the man seems past all cure; who shall blame the woman if she 

glides   away   into   some   atmosphere   of   peace   and   purity;   to   pray   for   him 

whom       neither   warnings     nor   caresses    will  amend?      It   is  a  sad   book; 

〃Sintram。〃       And yet not too sad。         For they were a sad people; those old 

Norse forefathers of ours。          Their Christianity was sad; their minsters sad; 

there are few sadder; though few grander; buildings than a Norman church。 

     And   yet;   perhaps;   their   Christianity  did   not   make   them  sad。      It   was 



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but   the   other   and   the   healthier   side   of   that   sadness   which   they   had   as 

heathens。       Read     which     you    will   of  the   old   sagasheathen       or   half… 

Christianthe Eyrbiggia; Viga Glum; Burnt Niall; Grettir the Strong; and; 

above   all;   Snorri   Sturluson's   〃Heimskringla〃   itself   and   you   will   see   at 

once how sad they are。           There is; in the old sagas; none of that enjoyment 

of   life   which   shines   out   everywhere   in   Greek   poetry;   even   through   its 

deepest tragedies。        Not   in   placency with   Nature's   beauty; but   in   the 

fierce struggle with her wrath; does the Norseman feel pleasure。                       Nature 

to him was not; as in Mr。 Longfellow's exquisite poem; {3} the kind old 

nurse; to take him on her knee and whisper to him; ever anew; the story 

without   an   end。     She   was   a   weird   witch…wife;   mother   of   storm   demons 

and frost giants; who must be fought with steadily;  warily; wearily;  over 

dreary     heaths    and   snow…capped        fells;  and    rugged    nesses    and    tossing 

sounds; and away into the boundless seaor who could live?… …till he got 

hardened in the fight into ruthlessness of need and greed。                   The poor strip 

of flat strath; ploughed and re…ploughed again in the short summer days; 

would yield no more; or wet harvests spoiled the crops; or heavy snows 

starved   the   cattle。    And   so   the   Norseman   launched   his   ships   when   the 

lands were sown in spring; and went forth to pillage or to trade; as luck 

would have; to summerted; as he himself called it; and came back; if he 

ever   came;   in   autumn   to   the   women   to   help   at   harvest…time;   with   blood 

upon his hand。        But had he stayed at home; blood would have been there 

still。   Three out of four of them had been mixed up in some man…slaying; 

or had some blood…feud to avenge among their own kin。 

     The   whole   of   Scandinavia;   Denmark;   Sweden;   Norway;   Orkney;   and 

the rest; remind me ever of that terrible picture of the great Norse painter; 

Tiddeman;   in   which   two   splendid   youths;   lashed   together;   in   true   Norse 

duel fashion by the waist; are hewing each other to death with the short 

axe; about some hot words over their ale。               The loss of life; and that of the 

most gallant of the young; in those days must have been enormous。                        If the 

vitality   of   the   race   had   not   been   even   more   enormous;   they   must   have 

destroyed   each   other;   as   the   Red   Indians   have   done;   off   the   face   of   the 



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earth。     They   lived   these   Norsemen;   not   to   livethey   lived   to   die。    For 

what   cared   they?   Deathwhat   was   death   to   them?   what   it   was   to   the 

Jomsburger Viking; who; when led out to execution; said to the headsman: 

〃Die! with all pleasure。          We used to question in Jomsburg whether a man 

felt when his head was off?            Now I shall know; but if I do; take care; for I 

shall smite thee with my knife。             And meanwhile; spoil not this long hair 

of mine; it is so beautiful。〃 

     But; oh! what waste!           What might not these men have done if   they 

had sought peace; not war; if they had learned a few centuries sooner to do 

justly; and love mercy; and walk humbly with their God? 

     And yet one loves them; blood…stained as they are。                    Your own poets; 

men   brought   up   under   circumstances;   under   ideas   the   most   opposite   to 

theirs;   love   them;   and   cannot   help   it。   And   why?       It   is   not   merely   for 

their bold daring; it is not merely for their stern endurance; nor again that 

they   had   in   them   that   shift   and   thrift;   those   steady   and   mon…sense 

business   habits;   which   made   their   noblest   men   not   ashamed   to   go   on 

voyages of merchandise。             Nor is it; again; that grim humourhumour as 

of the modern Scotchwhich so often flashes out into an actual jest; but 

more usually underlies unspoken all their deeds。                 Is it not rather that these 

men are our forefathers? that their blood runs in the veins of perhaps three 

men out of four in any general assembly; whether in America or in Britain? 

Startling as the assertion may be; I believe it to be strictly true。 

     Be that as it may; I cannot read the stories of your western men; the 

writings of Bret Harte; or Colonel John Hay; for instance; without feeling 

at   every   turn   that   there   are   the   old   Norse   alive   again;   beyond   the   very 

ocean which they first crossed; 850 years ago。 

     Let me try to prove my point; and end with a story; as I began with 

one。 

     It   is   just   thirty   years   before   the   Norman   conquest   of   England;   the 

ev

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