dominant method，and examples，facts or statistics as the
supporting methods．
Why has the world population been increasing so rapidly in the last
decades？_____________________________________________________
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Exercise 20…2
Directions：Write a paragraph on why you chose your specialty，bining the various methods you
have learned．
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Exercise 20…3
Directions：Write a paragraph about whether weekend homework should be abolished．
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 20…4
Directions：Write a paragraph about your favourite season．
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第二十一单元 从段落到篇章
21．1 段落和篇章
段落和篇章在长度上有明显的不同，但是它们在结构上是一致的。首先，段落是由表达其主题思想的主题句（Topic Sentence）或主题导句（Topic Introducer）引出的，而篇章中的首段也是该篇文章主题思想的导言和引言；其次，一个段落必须有若干个展开句使主题思想得以展开和充实，同样篇章的主体部分也是由几个推展或后续首段主题思想的段落组成。再者，在段落结束时有一个结尾句（Concluding Sentence）总结段落的主旨，篇章也同样有一个对上下文进行归纳和总结主题思想的末段。尽管不是所有的段落和篇章都具备这样的完整结构，但典型的段落和篇章在结构上是一致的。
根据上述，让我们比较一下Model Paragraph 21…1和Model Essay 21…2，后者的主题思想完全基于前者。所不同的是，Model Paragraph中的六个句子①，②，③，④，⑤，⑥均已被扩展成Model Essay中的六个段落。
Model Paragraph 21…1
①To be successful in a job interview，the applicant should demonstrate
certain personal and professional qualities．②In as much as the first and often lasting impression of a person isdetermined
by the clothes one wears，the job applicant should take care to appear well…groomed and
modestly dressed，avoiding the
extremes of too elaborate or too casual attire．③Besides care for personal appearance，one should pay close attention to one's manner of speaking，which should be neither showy nor
too familiar but rather straightforward，grammatically accurate，and friendly．④In addition，one should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements
of the position for which one is applying in relation to one's own professional
experience and interests．⑤And finally，there ally impressive applicant must convey a sense of
self…confidence and enthusiasm for work，factors which all interviewers value highly．⑥The job seeker who displays these
characteristics，with just a
little luck，will
certainly succeed in a typical personal interview．
Model Essay 21…2
①To be successful in a job interview，you should demonstrate certain
personal and professional qualities．You need to create a good image in the limited time available，usually from 30 to 45 minutes．Furthermore，you must make a positive impression
which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other applicants．A tall times，you should present your most
attractive qualities during an interview．
②You should，for example，take care to appear well…groomed
and modestly dressed，avoiding the extremes of too elaborate or too casual attire．On the positive side，clothes may be a good leveller，putting you on a par with other
applicants and requiring the interviewer to consider more important
qualifications．On the otherhand，clothes which are too informal may
convey the impression that you are not serious about the job or that you may be
casual about your work as well as your dress．Clothes which are too elaborate，too colorful，or too expensive suggest that you do not understand what behavior is
appropriate for the job or that you are snobbish or frivolous．The right clothes worn at the right
time，however，gain the respect of the interviewer
and his confidence in your judgement．It may not be true that“clothes make the man，”but the first and often lasting impression of you is determined by
the clothes you wear．
③Besides care for personal
appearance，you should
pay close attention to your manner of speaking．Since speech is a reflection of personality，you should reflect confidence by
speaking in a clear voice，loud enough to be heard without being aggressive or overpowering．Your speech should not call
attention to itself，but it should reveal the individuality and ability of the speaker．Obviously，you must speak without grammatical
errors or dialect differences for which you might be criticised or which might
cause embrarrassment to the employer．Although there are cultural differences with respect to the
formality of the job interview，your speech must show you to be a friendly and pleasant person．
④Speaking without a subject worth
talking about will not impress anyone．You should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements
of the position for which you are applying in relation to your own professional
experiences and interests．Knowing something about the position enables you to ask intelligent
questions about the work and requirements for the job．The interviewer candecide from the
questions asked whether you are genuinely interested or knowledgeable．You can ment on your own
training，experience，and other qualifications in
relation to the specific tasks of the position．the interviewer can determine whether your background and potential
seem to fit the position．The position for which you are applying is not only the safest topic
for discussion，it is
essential that you demonsrtate your understanding of the requirements and your
abilities in meeting these requirements．
⑤Finally，to be really impressive you must
convey a sense of self…confidence and enthusiasm for work．As already indicated，you demonstrate self…confidence by
your manner of speech and dress．You further show it by being prepared for the interview with
information and questions about the position．In addition，the way you enter the room，sit，look at the
interviewer，and fill out
application forms and other papers may express self…confidence．The eagerness with which you
discuss the job rather than the salary may reveal your enthusiasm for work．You may express it also through
your questions and ments about working conditions and facilities．And，Of course，your previous experience and success will tell the interviewer about
your enthusiasm for work．Both of these qualities—self…confidence and enthusiasm for work—are valued highly by all
int