week£»¡¡which¡¡I¡¯d¡¡personally¡¡named¡¡the¡¡¡°soup¡¡kitchen¡¡of¡¡the¡¡downtrodden¡±¡ª
actually£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡°miserable¡±¡¡would¡¯ve¡¡been¡¡more¡¡appropriate¡£¡¡It¡¡was¡¡open¡¡until¡¡
midnight¡¡to¡¡those¡¡who¡¡knew¡¡about¡¡it¡£¡¡Inside¡¡were¡¡a¡¡few¡¡unfortunates¡¡dressed¡¡
like¡¡horse¡¡thieves¡¡or¡¡like¡¡men¡¡who¡¯d¡¡escaped¡¡the¡¡gallows£»¡¡a¡¡couple¡¡of¡¡pathetic¡¡
characters¡¡whose¡¡sorrow¡¡and¡¡hopelessness¡¡caused¡¡their¡¡sights¡¡to¡¡slip¡¡from¡¡this¡¡
world¡¡to¡¡distant¡¡paradises£»¡¡as¡¡happens¡¡with¡¡opium¡¡addicts£»¡¡two¡¡beggars¡¡who¡¡
were¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡pains¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡follow¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡basic¡¡¡¡guild¡¡¡¡etiquette£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡gentleman¡¡
who¡¯d¡¡¡¡seated¡¡¡¡himself¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡corner¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡distance¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡crowd¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡gave¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Aleppan¡¡cook¡¡a¡¡graceful¡¡greeting¡£¡¡Heaping¡¡the¡¡meat¡filled¡¡cabbage¡¡dolma¡¡into¡¡
my¡¡bowl£»¡¡I¡¡covered¡¡it¡¡with¡¡yogurt¡¡and¡¡topped¡¡it¡¡off¡¡with¡¡handfuls¡¡of¡¡hot¡¡red¡¡
pepper¡¡flakes¡¡before¡¡taking¡¡a¡¡seat¡¡beside¡¡the¡¡young¡¡gentleman¡£¡¡
Every¡¡night¡¡a¡¡sorrow¡¡overwhelms¡¡me£»¡¡a¡¡misery¡¡descends¡¡upon¡¡me¡£¡¡Oh£»¡¡my¡¡
brothers£»¡¡my¡¡dear¡¡brothers£»¡¡we¡¯re¡¡being¡¡poisoned£»¡¡we¡¯re¡¡rotting£»¡¡dying£»¡¡we¡¯re¡¡
exhausting¡¡ourselves¡¡as¡¡we¡¡live£»¡¡we¡¯ve¡¡sunk¡¡up¡¡to¡¡our¡¡necks¡¡in¡¡misery¡Some¡¡
nights£»¡¡I¡¡dream¡¡that¡¡he¡¡emerges¡¡from¡¡the¡¡well¡¡and¡¡es¡¡after¡¡me£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡know¡¡
we¡¯ve¡¡¡¡buried¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡deeply¡¡¡¡beneath¡¡¡¡plenty¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡earth¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡couldn¡¯t¡¡¡¡possibly¡¡¡¡rise¡¡
from¡¡the¡¡grave¡£¡¡
The¡¡¡¡gentleman£»¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡thought¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡buried¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡nose¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡soup¡¡¡¡and¡¡
forgotten¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡world£»¡¡opened¡¡the¡¡door¡¡to¡¡a¡¡conversation¡£¡¡Was¡¡this¡¡a¡¡sign¡¡
from¡¡¡¡Allah£¿¡¡¡¡¡°Yes£»¡±¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡answered£»¡¡¡¡¡°they¡¯ve¡¡¡¡ground¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡meat¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡right¡¡
consistency£»¡¡my¡¡stuffed¡¡cabbage¡¡is¡¡quite¡¡to¡¡my¡¡liking¡£¡±¡¡I¡¡asked¡¡about¡¡him£º¡¡He¡¯d¡¡
recently¡¡graduated¡¡from¡¡a¡¡miserable¡¡twenty¡coin¡¡college¡¡and¡¡been¡¡taken¡¡into¡¡
Arifi¡¡¡¡Pasha¡¯s¡¡¡¡patronage¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡clerk¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡didn¡¯t¡¡¡¡ask¡¡¡¡him¡¡¡¡why£»¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡hour¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡
night£»¡¡he¡¡wasn¡¯t¡¡at¡¡the¡¡Pasha¡¯s¡¡estate£»¡¡at¡¡the¡¡mosque¡¡or¡¡at¡¡home¡¡in¡¡the¡¡arms¡¡of¡¡
his¡¡¡¡beloved¡¡¡¡wife£»¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡chose¡¡¡¡instead¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡street¡¡¡¡kitchen¡¡¡¡teeming¡¡¡¡with¡¡
unmarried¡¡thugs¡£¡¡He¡¡asked¡¡me¡¡where¡¡I¡¯d¡¡e¡¡from¡¡and¡¡who¡¡I¡¡was¡£¡¡I¡¡thought¡¡
for¡¡a¡¡moment¡£¡¡
¡°My¡¡¡¡name¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡Bihzad¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¯ve¡¡¡¡e¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡Herat¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡Tabriz¡£¡¡¡¡I¡¯ve¡¡¡¡painted¡¡¡¡the¡¡
most¡¡¡¡magnificent¡¡¡¡pictures£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡incredible¡¡¡¡masterpieces¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡¡¡Persia¡¡¡¡and¡¡
Arabia£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡Muslim¡¡¡¡book¡¡¡¡arts¡¡¡¡workshop¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡illustrations¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡made£»¡¡
they¡¯ve¡¡¡¡said¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡me¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡hundreds¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡years£º¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡looks¡¡¡¡real£»¡¡¡¡just¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡the¡¡
work¡¡of¡¡Bihzad¡£¡±¡¡
Of¡¡course£»¡¡this¡¡isn¡¯t¡¡the¡¡issue¡£¡¡My¡¡paintings¡¡reveal¡¡what¡¡the¡¡mind£»¡¡not¡¡the¡¡
eye£»¡¡sees¡£¡¡But¡¡painting£»¡¡as¡¡you¡¡know¡¡quite¡¡well£»¡¡is¡¡a¡¡feast¡¡for¡¡the¡¡eyes¡£¡¡If¡¡you¡¡
305¡¡
¡¡
bine¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡these¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡two¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡thoughts£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡world¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡emerge¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡That¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is£º¡¡
¡¡
ALIF£º¡¡
Painting¡¡brings¡¡to¡¡life¡¡what¡¡the¡¡mind¡¡sees£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡feast¡¡for¡¡the¡¡eyes¡£¡¡
LAM£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡What¡¡the¡¡eye¡¡sees¡¡in¡¡the¡¡world¡¡enters¡¡the¡¡painting¡¡to¡¡the¡¡degree¡¡
that¡¡it¡¡serves¡¡the¡¡mind¡£¡¡
MIM£º¡¡
Consequently£»¡¡beauty¡¡is¡¡the¡¡eye¡¡discovering¡¡in¡¡our¡¡world¡¡what¡¡
the¡¡mind¡¡already¡¡knows¡£¡¡
Did¡¡the¡¡graduate¡¡of¡¡the¡¡miserable¡¡college¡¡understand¡¡this¡¡logic£»¡¡which¡¡I¡¯d¡¡
extracted¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡lightning¡¡¡¡inspiration¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡depths¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡soul£¿¡¡¡¡Not¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡all¡£¡¡
Why£¿¡¡¡¡Because£»¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡you¡¯ve¡¡¡¡spent¡¡¡¡three¡¡¡¡years¡¡¡¡seated¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡foot¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡hoja¡¡
who¡¡¡¡gives¡¡¡¡lessons¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡out¡of¡the¡way¡¡¡¡neighborhood¡¡¡¡religious¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡for¡¡
twenty¡¡silver¡¡coins¡¡a¡¡day¡ªtoday¡¡you¡¡can¡¡buy¡¡twenty¡¡loaves¡¡of¡¡bread¡¡with¡¡that¡¡
amount¡ªyou¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡wouldn¡¯t¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡hell¡¡¡¡Bihzad¡¡¡¡was¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡obvious¡¡
that¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡twenty¡coin¡¡¡¡Hoja¡¡¡¡Effendi¡¡¡¡didn¡¯t¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡Bihzad¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡either¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡
right¡¡then£»¡¡let¡¡me¡¡explain¡£¡¡I¡¡said£º¡¡
¡°I¡¯ve¡¡painted¡¡everything£»¡¡absolutely¡¡everything£º¡¡Our¡¡Prophet¡¡at¡¡the¡¡mosque¡¡
before¡¡the¡¡green¡¡prayer¡¡niche¡¡seated¡¡together¡¡with¡¡his¡¡four¡¡caliphs£»¡¡in¡¡another¡¡
book£»¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡Apostle¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡Prophet¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡God¡¡¡¡ascending¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡seven¡¡¡¡heavens¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡the¡¡
night¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ascension£»¡¡Alexander¡¡on¡¡his¡¡way¡¡to¡¡China¡¡banging¡¡on¡¡the¡¡drum¡¡of¡¡
a¡¡seaside¡¡temple¡¡to¡¡scare¡¡off¡¡a¡¡monster¡¡stirring¡¡up¡¡the¡¡ocean¡¡with¡¡storms£»¡¡a¡¡
masturbating¡¡sultan¡¡spying¡¡on¡¡the¡¡beauties¡¡of¡¡his¡¡harem¡¡swimming¡¡naked¡¡in¡¡
his¡¡¡¡pool¡¡¡¡while¡¡¡¡listening¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡lute£»¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡young¡¡¡¡wrestler¡¡¡¡sure¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡victory¡¡¡¡after¡¡
learning¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡mentor¡¯s¡¡¡¡moves£»¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡defeated¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡presence¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡
Sultan¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡hands¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡mentor¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡yet¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡last¡¡¡¡trick¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡sleeve£»¡¡
Leyla¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡Mejnun¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡kneeling¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡schoolroom¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡exquisitely¡¡
decorated¡¡walls£»¡¡falling¡¡in¡¡love¡¡while¡¡reciting¡¡the¡¡Glorious¡¡Koran£»¡¡the¡¡inability¡¡
of¡¡lovers£»¡¡from¡¡the¡¡most¡¡embarrassed¡¡to¡¡the¡¡most¡¡crass£»¡¡to¡¡look¡¡at¡¡each¡¡other£»¡¡
the¡¡stone¡¡by¡¡stone¡¡construction¡¡of¡¡palaces£»¡¡the¡¡punishment¡¡by¡¡torture¡¡of¡¡the¡¡
guilty£»¡¡the¡¡flight¡¡of¡¡eagles£»¡¡playful¡¡rabbits£»¡¡treacherous¡¡tigers£»¡¡cypress¡¡and¡¡plane¡¡
trees¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡held¡¡¡¡magpies£»¡¡¡¡Death£»¡¡¡¡peting¡¡¡¡poets£»¡¡¡¡feasts¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡memorate¡¡
victory£»¡¡and¡¡men¡¡like¡¡you¡¡who¡¡see¡¡nothing¡¡but¡¡the¡¡soup¡¡before¡¡them¡£¡±¡¡
The¡¡reserved¡¡clerk¡¡was¡¡no¡¡longer¡¡afraid£»¡¡he¡¡even¡¡found¡¡me¡¡entertaining¡¡and¡¡
was¡¡smiling¡£¡¡
¡°Your¡¡Hoja¡¡Effendi¡¡must¡¯ve¡¡had¡¡you¡¡read¡¡this£»¡¡you¡¯ll¡¡know¡¡it£»¡±¡¡I¡¡continued¡£¡¡
¡°There¡¯s¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡story¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡love¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡Sadi¡¯s¡¡¡¡Garden¡£¡¡¡¡You¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡one£»¡¡¡¡King¡¡¡¡Darius¡¡
306¡¡
¡¡
bees¡¡¡¡separated¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡crowd¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡hunt¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡goes¡¡¡¡off¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡roam¡¡¡¡the¡¡
hills¡£¡¡Unexpectedly£»¡¡a¡¡dangerous¡looking¡¡stranger¡¡with¡¡a¡¡goatee¡¡appears¡¡before¡¡
him¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡king¡¡¡¡falls¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡panic¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡reaches¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡bow¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡horse£»¡¡
whereupon¡¡the¡¡man¡¡begs£»¡¡¡±My¡¡king£»¡¡hold¡¡off¡¡from¡¡shooting¡¡your¡¡arrow¡£¡¡How¡¡
is¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡haven¡¯t¡¡¡¡recognized¡¡¡¡me£¿¡¡¡¡Am¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡loyal¡¡¡¡groom¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡whom¡¡
you¡¯ve¡¡entrusted¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡horses¡¡and¡¡foals£¿¡¡How¡¡many¡¡times¡¡have¡¡we¡¡seen¡¡
each¡¡¡¡other£¿¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡know¡¡¡¡each¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡your¡¡¡¡hundred¡¡¡¡horses¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡temperament¡¡¡¡and¡¡
disposition£»¡¡nay£»¡¡by¡¡color¡¡even¡£¡¡So¡¡then£»¡¡how¡¡is¡¡it¡¡you¡¡pay¡¡no¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡us£»¡¡
the¡¡¡¡servants¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡your¡¡¡¡mand£»¡¡¡¡even¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡myself¡¡¡¡whom¡¡¡¡you¡¡
encounter¡¡with¡¡such¡¡frequency£¿¡°¡±¡¡
When¡¡I¡¡depict¡¡this¡¡scene£»¡¡I¡¡render¡¡the¡¡black£»¡¡chestnut¡¡and¡¡white¡¡horses¡ªso¡¡
tenderly¡¡¡¡cared¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡groom¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡heavenly¡¡¡¡green¡¡¡¡pasture¡¡¡¡covered¡¡¡¡with¡¡
flowers¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡every¡¡¡¡imaginable¡¡¡¡color¡ªwith¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡happiness¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡calm¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡even¡¡
the¡¡dullest¡¡of¡¡readers¡¡would¡¡understand¡¡the¡¡moral¡¡of¡¡Sadi¡¯s¡¡story£º¡¡The¡¡beauty¡¡
and¡¡mystery¡¡of¡¡this¡¡world¡¡only¡¡emerges¡¡through¡¡affection£»¡¡attention£»¡¡interest¡¡
and¡¡passion£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡want¡¡to¡¡live¡¡in¡¡that¡¡paradise¡¡where¡¡happy¡¡mares¡¡and¡¡
stallions¡¡live£»¡¡open¡¡your¡¡eyes¡¡wide¡¡and¡¡actually¡¡see¡¡this¡¡world¡¡by¡¡attending¡¡to¡¡
its¡¡colors£»¡¡details¡¡and¡¡irony¡£¡¡
This¡¡¡¡progeny¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡twenty¡coin¡¡¡¡hoja¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡once¡¡¡¡entertained¡¡¡¡and¡¡
frightened¡¡by¡¡me¡£¡¡He¡¡wanted¡¡to¡¡drop¡¡his¡¡spoon¡¡and¡¡flee£»¡¡but¡¡I¡¡didn¡¯t¡¡give¡¡him¡¡
the¡¡chance¡£¡¡
¡°This¡¡is¡¡how¡¡the¡¡master¡¡of¡¡masters¡¡Bihzad¡¡depicted¡¡the¡¡king£»¡¡his¡¡groom¡¡and¡¡
the¡¡horses¡¡in¡¡that¡¡picture£»¡±¡¡I¡¡said¡£¡¡¡°For¡¡a¡¡hundred¡¡years¡¡miniaturists¡¡haven¡¯t¡¡
stopped¡¡¡¡¡¡imitating¡¡¡¡¡¡those¡¡¡¡¡¡horses¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Each¡¡¡¡¡¡horse¡¡¡¡¡¡rendered¡¡¡¡¡¡out¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Bihzad¡¯s¡¡
imagination¡¡and¡¡heart¡¡has¡¡bee¡¡a¡¡model¡¡of¡¡form¡£¡¡Hundreds¡¡of¡¡miniaturists£»¡¡
including¡¡myself£»¡¡can¡¡draw¡¡those¡¡horses¡¡from¡¡memory¡£¡¡Have¡¡you¡¡ever¡¡seen¡¡a¡¡
picture¡¡of¡¡a¡¡horse£¿¡±¡¡
¡°I¡¡once¡¡saw¡¡a¡¡winged¡¡horse¡¡in¡¡an¡¡enchanting¡¡book¡¡that¡¡a¡¡great¡¡teacher£»¡¡a¡¡
scholar¡¡of¡¡schol